Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful tool that utilizes genetic information to inform about the likely causal relevance of an exposure to an outcome When performed rigorously, MR findings should ...

Randomization tests can be thought of as another way to examine data, and do not restrictive assumptions about populations. As a very quick example, suppose that you have two groups of scores. One ...

We will begin with randomization tests, because they are closer in intent to more traditional parametric tests than are bootstrapping procedures. Their primary goal is to test some null hypothesis, ...

We want to find the effect of an exposure on an outcome. An exposure can be analysed if instruments (i.e. GWAS hits) have been identified for it. Hence the only data required are the following for the ...