Buckling in shell structures, encompassing both spherical and cylindrical forms, remains a central focus in structural mechanics due to its implications in civil engineering, aerospace, soft robotics ...

A team of physicists and a virologist explains how large virus shells are formed. Their work can also be used also to explain how large spherical crystals form in nature. This understanding may help ...

RIVERSIDE, Calif. -- A virus, the simplest physical object in biology, consists of a protein shell called the capsid, which protects its nucleic acid genome -- RNA or DNA. The capsid can be ...